The Radical Challenge of Dependent Origination to Western Metaphysics (AI GENERATED)

In the long history of Western philosophy, the search for a foundation of reality has been a consistent pursuit. From Plato's forms to Descartes' cogito , thinkers have sought to identify an ultimate substance, a fixed essence, or a singular first cause that explains all of existence. This deeply ingrained metaphysical framework shapes how we understand not just the universe, but our own place within it, positing a world of independent, self-contained entities and linear causality. Early Buddhism, however, offers a profoundly different and compelling perspective that directly challenges these foundational assumptions. The principle of Dependent Origination (Pa ṭ iccasamuppāda) is a cornerstone of the Buddha's teachings, and it stands in stark contrast to the Western quest for a fixed reality. It proposes that all phenomena—be they physical objects, emotions, or thoughts—arise not from a singular, ultimate cause, but in dependence on a complex web of other conditions. T...